(No major update in VMM 2019) VMM 2012 introduced the concept of Storage Classification. It is a simple mechanism to classify the capabilities of the storage managed by VMM (requires compliant SMI-S storage). Classifying storage entails assigning a meaningful classification to storage pools. For example, you may assign a classification of GOLD to a storage pool that resides on the fastest, most redundant storage array.
In VMM System Center 2012 you could create classifications for classic block storage which was managed by VMM. In VMM 2012 R2 you can also create classifications for file shares.
There is currently no automated discovery of the storage capabilities (like with VMware VASA), it is rather equivalent the user defined storage profile used with vSphere.