Windows Server 2012 introduces QoS control for networking with the ability to guarantee a minimum bandwidth to a virtual machine or a service.
With System Center 2012 (min SP1) you can configure some of the new networking settings centrally (but System Center is not required) including Bandwidth settings for virtual machines and IEEE priority tagging for QoS prioritization - PowerShell will be required for the more advanced networking options.
Windows Server 2012 also takes advantage of Data Center Bridging (DCB)-capable hardware to converge multiple types of network traffic on a single network adapter, with a guaranteed level of service to each type.
Unlike in Server 2008 R2 (where only the maximum bandwidth was configurable - without being able to guarantee a minimum bandwidth) Server 2012 introduces a bandwidth floor - the ability to guarantees a certain amount of bandwidth to a specific type of traffic (port or virtual machine).
Windows Server 2012 offers two different mechanisms to enforce minimum bandwidth:
- through the enhanced packet scheduler in Windows (provides a fine granularity of classification, best choice if many traffic flows require minimum bandwidth enforcement, example would be a server running Hyper-V hosting many virtual machines, where each virtual machine is classified as a traffic flow)
- through network adapters that support Data Center Bridging (supports fewer traffic flows, however, it can classify network traffic that doesnt originate from the networking stack e.g. can be used with a CNA adapter that supports iSCSI offload, in which iSCSI traffic bypasses the networking stack - because the packet scheduler in the networking stack doesnt process this offloaded traffic, DCB is the only viable choice to enforce minimum bandwidth)
In both cases, network traffic first must be classified. Windows classifies a packet itself or gives instructions to a network adapter to classify it. The result of classification is a number of traffic flows in Windows, and a given packet can belong to only one of them.